Indium wire for high vacuum seals on page V1

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Filaments and cathodes

LIGHT PIPES SEM & STEM
Quartz lightpipes with P47P scintillator are available for most instruments. Email your requirements, stating make and model of instrument and, if possible, length and diameter of pipe; straight or angled. Inquire.
JEOL STEM detectors are recoated.

TUNGSTEN SEM/TEM FILAMENTS
Tungsten filaments, new or rebuilt, are formed in high-precision fixtures using a special-alloy tungsten wire to minimise strain. Precise dimensions and microscopic inspection guarantee consistent quality and performance. All filaments are annealed to reduce movement during operation. For most instruments refurbished filaments are cheaper than new ones. There is no doubt about their quality: refurbished filaments' life expectancy and stability are identical to that of new ones.
Minimum order for refurbished filaments is six.

Life expectancy of filaments

Filaments

	JEOL (k type) New: M76K Rebuilt: MR76K
	AEI/ Cambridge/ Leica/ Zeiss new models New: M72
	JEOL GC (JSM) Rebuilt: MR76
	FEI (Philips) V filament New: M77V
	Hitachi S Rebuilt: MR74S Ask
	ISI (2 pin) Rebuilt: MR75
	ISI (3 pin) Rebuilt: MR75S
	Zeiss older models New: M79

M72 New filaments for AEI/Cambridge/Leica/Zeiss new models AUD404.00 /box/10 Available
M76K New filaments, JEOL K-type AUD857.00 /box/6 Availability
M77V New V filaments, FEI (Philips) AUD660.00 /box/10 Available
M79 New filaments, Zeiss older models (Special, was $850) AUD886.00 /box/10 Available

REBUILT FILAMENTS
Filament rebuilding services include:

• reconditioning of the base
• cleaning and/or replacement of necessary parts
• instalment of new standard loop or special filament tip
• pre-centring
• vacuum normalising
• microscopic inspection

Bases can be cleaned and rebuilt many times.

Below is the cost per filament, but minimum order for refurbished filaments is 6, sent to us in a suitable box.

MR74S Rebuilt filaments for Hitachi S AUD74.00 /each Availability
MR75 Rebuilt filaments for ISI 2-pin AUD69.00 /each Availability
MR75S Rebuilt filaments for ISI 3-pin AUD69.00 /each Availability
MR76 Rebuilt filaments, JEOL GC (JSM) AUD74.00 /each Availability
MR76K Rebuilt filaments, JEOL K AUD71.00 /each Availability

LANTHANUM HEXABORIDE CATHODES
The large gain in brightness and long operating life of Lanthanum Hexaboride cathodes are well known. Kimball Physics' LaB₆ cathodes are at least equal in these respects to other cathodes and they also offer a price advantage.
Additionally, Kimball designed their cathodes with a much larger crystal and a one-piece base. The result is greater robustness and much improved life when the operating conditions are less than optimal, such as a vacuum of not quite the desirable 10^-8 torr. Lesser vacua result in a contamination layer on the crystal. Overheating the cathode will remove this, but frequently leads to early failure of the Vogel mount design employed by other LaB₆ cathode manufacturers. Accidental overheating of the cathode is much better tolerated by Kimball's design.
We recommend Kimball LaB₆ cathodes for all electron beam instruments equipped with ion getter or turbo molecular pumps and nitrogen backfill of the column.

Advantages are:

• Greater brightness that is available results in higher resolution, better EDS count rates in high power TEM and much greater uninterrupted operating life.
• For low power work where high brightness is less important, cathode life can be over 5000 hours. Even with less than ideal vacua, cathode life of more than 1000 hours is expected.
• Beam current stability is superb. This makes LaB₆ cathodes suitable for quantitative microanalyses, provided the instrument has a suitable vacuum system.
  In summary: Kimball's LaB₆ cathodes are less risky to operate; their lower cost and long operating life yield savings in cathodes, instrument downtime and operator's time. If your instrument is suitable, then these better performing LaB₆ cathodes are more economical to use for routine operation than standard tungsten filaments.
• The angle of the cone makes very little difference to LaB₆ performance. All cathodes except for those with very small micro flats are supplied with a 90-degree cone. The top of the cone is machined to provide a micro flat.
• Micro Flats: Larger flats provide a larger illuminated area and greater longer-term beam stability, as is required for microprobes, but less brightness. Conversely, smaller micro flats result in greater brightness with a smaller illuminated area at given settings compared to larger micro flats. Cathodes with 15 square micrometer flats are most commonly sold to users who routinely need high magnifications. The 20 square micrometer flats are excellent for labs working mostly on sectioned specimens; they are a compromise that offers the LaB₆ long cathode life and gives some additional brightness over W filaments. 40 square micrometer flats are available, but at considerably greater cost. At the other end of the scale we can provide a 60-6, which is especially suitable for constant very high-resolution work, these cost only ~AUD50 more than standard cathodes.

Please request a quotation for special cones/flats. Specials are generally on 5 weeks delivery.

Kimball Physics have extensive information on the use, optimisation and vacuum dump recovery of these cathodes. All of this available online at http://www.kimballphysics.com/
ProSciTech also supplies any other Kimball products, including tantalum disc and Thorium oxide emitters.
To order, indicate make and model of instrument. The size of the normally supplied microflat is 15 square micrometers
E.g.: LaB₆ Cathode 90-15 for Cambridge S-410

M671 LaB6 cathode for ARL - discontinued
M672 LaB6, 90/15, AEI base for Cambridge/Leica/LEO/Zeiss AUD880.00 Available
M67220 LaB6, 90/20, AEI base for Cambridge/Leica/LEO/Zeiss/Cameca/CamScan AUD880.00 Available
M674 LaB6 Cathode 90/15, for Hitachi HU base AUD880.00 Available
M675 LaB6 Cathode 90/15, for Hitachi S base AUD990.00 Availability
M676 LaB6 Cathode 90/15, for JEOL K base AUD880.00 Availability
M67620 LaB6 Cathode 90/20, for JEOL K base AUD880.00 Availability
M677 LaB6 Cathode 90/15, for FEI/Philips AUD931.00 Available
M67720 LaB6 Cathode 90/20, for FEI/Philips AUD880.00 Availability
M679040 LaB6 AEI/Cambridge/Leica 90-40 AUD995.00 Available

DENKA LAB6 CATHODE STANDARD 90/15, FOR FEI/PHILIPS

M68F-9015 Denka LaB6 Cathode Standard 90/15, for FEI/Philips ask Availability
M68H-9015 Denka LaB6 Cathode Standard 90/15, for Hitachi ask Availability
M68H-9020 Denka LaB6 Cathode 90/20, for Hitachi ask Availability
M68J-1950 Denka LaB6 Cathode Standard 90/15, for Jeol ask Availability
M68J-9020 Denka LaB6 Cathode 90/20, for Jeol ask Availability
M68Z-9015 Denka LaB6 Cathode Standard 90/15, round, for Zeiss ask Availability
M68Z-9020 Denka LaB6 Cathode 90/20, flat, for Zeiss ask Availability

P47P SCINTILLATOR DISCS
Coated with a uniform layer of carefully selected P47P (Y₁Si₂O₇:Ce³) phosphor with high signal output and excellent working life. Normally they are not coated with aluminium unless cathodoluminescence applications are anticipated. The aluminium coating reduces efficiency by approximately 20%. Not recommended where light leakage, vacuum sealing or back-streaming may be a problem. For magnifications < 100,000X.
Listed P47P scintillators usually are ex-stock, others are available on indent. The thickness of these discs is 1mm; greater thickness of original discs is immaterial to performance -use the thinner disk if it physically fits.

YAG SCINTILLATOR DISCS
Very low noise

• High resistance to radiation damage
• Long working life.

YAG (Yttrium Aluminium Garnet activated by Ce³⁺) has a very fast response time of 50-60ns. They withstand the bombardment by electrons or ions far better than plastic or phosphor scintillators. Light emission peaks at about 560nm which means that S20 photocathodes are most suitable for detecting the emission. YAG is also suited for high current operations. The response is better than for the P-47 discs below 5kV and again at high accelerating voltages, where the performance of powder scintillators fall off while the response of the YAG continues to increase linearly.

YAP SCINTILLATOR DISCS
YAP (Yttrium Aluminium Perovskite activated by Ce³⁺) shares the same advantages as YAG but is more efficient in terms of light output. As well, the emission spectrum peaks at about 378nm, and this corresponds closely to the maximum sensitivity of the S11 photocathode which in general is used in most scanning electron microscopes. (There would be more improvement in signal by using a YAP crystal rather than YAG in these microscopes). The decay time of YAP (40ns) is faster than YAG (80ns) so its overall performance is superior to YAG. YAP crystals should be coated with 50nm of aluminium prior to use.

YAG and YAP scintillators are made on order, approximately six weeks delivery is required.

MP75 P-47 scintillator for ISI, 7.7mm AUD145.00 Available
MP10 P-47 scintillator for Cambridge, 10mm AUD143.00 Availability
MP12 P-47 scintillator for Cambridge, 12.5mm AUD125.00 Available
MP135 P-47 scintillator for ISI, 13.5mm AUD187.00 Availability
MP166 P-47 scintillator for Novascan, 16.6mm AUD155.00 Availability
MP18 P-47 scintillator for Camscan III, 18mm AUD155.00 Availability
MP19 P-47 scintillator for JEOL, 19mm AUD121.00 Available
MP198 P-47 scintillator for Hitachi STEM, 19.8mm w/ring AUD239.00 Availability
MP20 P-47 scintillator for JEOL/Hitachi, 20mm AUD141.00 Availability
MP20X2 P-47 scintillator for Philips SEM, 20mm x 2mm AUD141.00 Availability
MP89 P-47 scintillator for JEOL, 8.8mm AUD114.00 Availability